Abril-Junio 2003 15
DOI:10.70024 / ISSN 1317-987X
 
Buscar




Artículos
 




Virología
Rotavirus: control y vacunas

Referencias

  1. Guerrant RL, Kosek M, Moore S, Lorntz B, Brantle R, Lima AAM. Magnitude and impact of diarrheal diseases. Arch Med Res 2002; 33:351-355.
  2. Guerrant RL, Schorling JB, McAuliffe JF, De Souza MA. Diarrhea as a cause and an effect of malnutrition: diarrhea prevents catch-up growth and malnutrition increases diarrhea frequency and duration. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992; 47:28-35.
  3. Pérez-Schael I, Dehollain P, Pérez M, Daoud N, Soto de Sanabria I, González M, “et al”. Impacto de las enfermedades diarreicas en el estado nutricional del niño. Ann Ven Nutr 1988; 1:119-128.
  4. Urrestarazu MI, Liprandi F, Pérez de Suárez E, González R, Pérez-Schael I. Características etiológicas, clínicas y sociodemográficas de la diarrea aguda en Venezuela. Pan Am J Public Health 1999; 6:149-156.
    Murray CJL, López AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997; 349:1498-1504.
  5. Bern C, Martines J, Zoysa de I, and Glass RI. The magnitude of the global problem of diarrhoeal disease: a ten-year update. Bull WHO 1992; 70:705-714.
  6. Bern C, Glass RI. Impact of diarrheal disease worlwide. In: Viral infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Ed by Kapikian AZ. 2nd edition. Marcel Dekker. New York, 1994: pp.1-26.
  7. Black RE. 1993. Epidemiology of diarrhoeal disease: implications for control by vaccines. Vaccine 11:100-106.
  8. Unicomb LE, Kilgore PE, Faruque ASG, Hamadani JD, Fuchs GJ, Albert MJ, “et al”. Anticipating rotavirus vaccines: hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea and estimates of disease burden in Bangladesh. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16:947-951.
  9. Molback K, Wested N, Hojlyng N, Scheutz F, Gottschau A, Aaby P, “et al”. The etiology of early childhood diarrhea: a community study from Guinea-Bissau. J Infect Dis 1994; 169: 581-587.
  10. Linhares AC, Bresee JS. Rotavirus vaccines and vaccination in Latin America. Pan Am J Public Health 2000; 8:305-331.
  11. MSAS. Snuario de epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social. 2001.
  12. Pérez-Schael I. The impact of rotavirus disease in Venezuela. J Infect Dis 1996; 74:S19-21.
  13. Salinas B, González G, González R, Barrios I, Materán M, Pérez-Scahel I. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of rotavirus disease in Venezuelan children < 5 years old. III World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Disease- WSPID, Chile, 2002; pp: 86,
  14. Pérez-Schael I, Salinas B, Escalona M, González G, Barrios I, Materán M. Rotavirus mortality in Venezuelan infants. III World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Disease- WSPID Chile, 2002; pp: 87
  15. Bishop RF, Davidson GP, Holmes IH, Ruck BJ. Virus particles in epithelial cells of duodenal mucosa from children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Lancet 1973; 2:1281-1283.
  16. Glass RI, Kilgore PE, Holman RC, Jin S, Smith JC, Woods PA, “et al”. The epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in the United States: surveillance and estimates of disease burden. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S5-11.
  17. Institute of Medicine. The prospects for immunizing against rotavirus. In: New vaccine development: establishing priorities. Diseases of importance in developing countries. Vol 2 Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1986:308-318.
  18. Bishop RF. Development of candidate rotavirus vaccines. Vaccine 1993; 11:247-254.
  19. Bishop RF. Natural history of human rotavirus infections. In: Viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Ed by Kapikian AZ. 2nd edition. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1994:pp:131-167.
  20. Pérez-Schael I, García D, González M, González R, Daoud N, Pérez M, “et al”. Prospective study of diarrheal diseases in venezuelan children to evaluate the efficacy of rhesus rotavirus vaccine. J Med Virol 1990; 30:219-229.
  21. Cook SM, Glass RI, LeBaron CW, Ho MS. Global seasonality of rotavirus infections. Bull WHO 1990; 68:171-177.
  22. Matson DO. 1999. Rotavirus vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Sumary. wwwcdc.gov/epo/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
  23. Esparza J, Viera de Torres B, Piñero A, Carmona FO, Mazzali de Ilja R. Rotaviruses in venezuelan children with gastroenteritis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1977; 26:148-151.
  24. Pérez-Schael I, Rojas AM, Flores J. Desarrollo de una vacuna anti-rotavirus. Pruebas de campo en Venezuela. Act Cient Venez 1991; 42:296-312.
  25. Maldonado AJ, Bastardo JW. Epidemiología molecular de rotavirus humanos en Cumaná, Venezuela. Act Cient Venez 1992; 43:368-372.
  26. Urquidi V. Molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus infection in Coro, Venezuela. Act Cient Venez 1989; 40:33-39.
  27. Vesikari T, Rautanen T, Von Bonsdorff C-H. Rotavirus gastroenteritis in Finalnd: burden of disease and epidemiological features. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1999; 426:24-30.
  28. Ehrenkranz P, Lanata CF, penny ME, Salazar-Lindo E, Glass RI. Rotavirus diarrhea disease burden in Perú: the need for a rotavirus vaccine and its potential cost savings. Pan Am J Public Health 2001; 10:240-248.
  29. Gómez JA, Nates S, Castagnaro N, Espul C, Borsa A, Glass RI. Anticipating rotavirus vaccines: review of epidemiologic studies of rotavirus diarrhea in Argentina. Pan Am Public Health 1998; 3: 69-78.
  30. O´Ryan ML, Pérez-Schael I, Mamani n, Peña A, Salinas B, González G, “et al”. Rotavirus-associated medical visits and hospitalizations in South America: a prospective study at three large sentinel hospitals. Pediatric Infect Dis J 2001; 20:685-693.
  31. Matson DO, Estes MK.. Impact of rotavirus infection at a large pediatric hospital. J Infect Dis 1990; 162:598-604.
  32. Bresee JS, Glass RI, Ivanoff B, Gentsch JR. Current status and future priorities for rotavirus vaccine development, evaluation and implementation in developing countries. Vaccine 1999; 17:2207-2222.
  33. Jacobson RM. The current status of the rotavirus vaccine. Vaccine 1999; 17:1690-1699.
  34. Pérez-Schael I, Daoud G, White L, Urbina G, Daoud N, Pérez M, “et al”. Rotavirus shedding by newborn children. J Med Virol 1984; 14:127-136.
  35. Cunliffe NA, Kilgore PE, Bresee JS, Steele AD, Luo N, Hart CA, “et al”. Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea in Africa: a review to assess the need for rotavirus immunization. Bull WHO 1998; 76:525-537.
  36. Pérez-Schael I, González R, Fernández R, Alfonzo E, Inaty D, Boher Y, “et al”. Epidemiological features of rotavirus infection in Caracas, Venezuela: Implications for rotavirus immunization programs. J Med Virol 1999; 59:520-526.
  37. Rojas AM, Boher Y, Guntiñas MJ, Pérez-Schael I. Homotypic immune response to primary infection with rotavirus serotype G1. J Med Virol 1995; 47:404-409.
  38. Fischer TK, Valentiner-Branth P, Steinsland H, Perch M, Santos G, Aaby P, “et al”. Protective immunity after natural rotavirus infections: a community cohort study of newborn children in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. J Infect. Dis 2002; 186:593-597.
  39. Velázquez FR, Matson DO, Calva JJ, Guerrero ML, Morrow AL, Carter-Campbell S, “et al”. Rotavirus infection in infants as protection against subsequent infections. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:1022-1028.
  40. Clark HF, Glass RI, Offit PA. Rotavirus vaccines (Chapter 41). In: Vaccines. Ed. by Plotkin SA and Orenstein WA. 3rd Edition. WB Sauders Company. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1999: Pp: 987-1005.
  41. Pérez ME, Glass RI, Alvarez G, Pericchi LR, González R, Kapikian AZ, “et al”. Rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine is efficacious despite age, socioeconomic conditions and seasonality in Venezuela. Vaccine 2001; 19:976-981.
  42. Torok TJ, Kilgore PE, Clarke MJ, Holman RC, Bresee JS, Glass RI, “et al”. Visualizing geographic and temporal trends in rotavirus activity in the United States, 1991 to 1996. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16:941-946.
  43. Ryan MJ, Ramsay M, Brown D, Gay NJ, Farrington CP, Wall PG. Hospital admissions attributable to rotavirus infection in England and Wales. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S12-18.
  44. Jin S, Kilgore PE, Holman RC, Clarke MJ, Gangarosa EJ, Glass RI. Trends in hospitalizations for diarrhea in United States children from 1979 through 1992: estimates of the morbidity associated with rotavirus. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15:397-404.
  45. Parashar UD, Holman RC, Bresee JS, Clarke MJ, Rhodes PH, Davis RL, “et al”. Epidemiology of diarrheal disease among children enrolled in four west coast health maintenance organizations. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17:605-611.
  46. Parashar UD, Holman RC, Clarke MJ, Bresee JS, Glass RI. Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus diarrhea in the United States, 1993 through 1995: surveillance based on the new ICD-9-CM rotavirus-specific diagnostic code. J Infect Dis 1998; 177:13-17.
  47. Viera de Torres B, Mazzali de Iija R, Esparza J. Epidemiological aspects of rotavirus infection in hospitalized Venezuelan children with gastroenteritis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1978; 27:567-572.
  48. Pereira HG, Linhares AC, Candeias JAN, Glass RI. Vigilancia de los virus de la gastroenteritis en los laboratorios nacionales del Brasil. Bull Pan Am Health Org 1994; 116:27-36.
  49. LeBaron CW, Lew J, Glass RI, Weber JM, Ruiz-Palacios GM, The Rotavirus Study Group. Annual rotavirus epidemic patterns in North America. Results of a 5-year retrospective survey of 88 centers in Canada, Mexico, and The United States. JAMA 1990; 264:983-988.
  50. Santosham M, Yolken RH, Wyatt RG, Bertrando R, Black RE, Spira WM, a”et al”. Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in a prospectively monitored american indian population. J Infect Dis 1985; 152:778-783.
  51. Zheng BJ, Chang RX, Ma GZ, Xie JM, Liu Q, Liang XR, “et al”. Rotavirus infection of the oropharynx and respiratory tract in young children. J Med Virol 1991; 34:29-37.
  52. Ansari SA, Springthorpe VS, Sattar SA. Survival and vehicular spread of human rotaviruses: possible relation to seasonality of outbreaks. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13:448-461.
  53. Greenberg HB, Clark HF, Offit PA. Rotavirus pathology and pathophysiology. Curr Topics Microbiol Immunol 1994; 185:255-283.
  54. Moon HW. Pathophysiology of viral diarrhea. In: Viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Ed by Kapikian AZ. 2nd edition. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1994: pp: 27-52.
  55. Estes MK, Morris AP. A viral enterotoxin. A new mechanism of viral indiced pathogenesis. In: Mechanism in the pathogenesis of enteric diseases 2. Editado por Paul y Francis. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, Nueva York, 1999: pp. 73-82.
  56. Ball JM, Tian P, Zeng CQ-Y, Morris AP, Estes MK. Age-dependent diarrhea induced by a rotaviral nonstructural glycoprotein. Science 1996; 272:101-104.
  57. Lundgren O, Peregrin AT, Persson K, Kordasti S, Uhnoo I, Svensson L. Role of the enteric nervous system in the fluid and electrolyte secretion of rotavirus diarrhea. Science 2000; 287:491-495.
  58. Ramsay M, Brown D. Epidemiology of group A rotaviruses. In: Rotaviruses: methods y protocols (Methods in molecular medicine). Ed by Gray J and Desselberger U. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 2000: pp 217-238.
  59. Zaki AM, Dupont HL, El Alamy MA, Arafat RR, Amin K, Awad MM, “et al”. The detection of enteropathogens in acute diarrhea in a family cohort population in rural Egypt. Am J Trop Hyg 1986; 35: 1013-1022.
  60. Desselberger U. 1989. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus. In: Viruses and the gut. Proceedings of the ninth BSG.SK& F International workshop 1988, pp. 55-65.
  61. Estes MK. Rotaviruses and their replication. Fields Virology, tercera edición. Editado por Fields BN y col. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Filadelfia, 1996: pp.1625-1655.
  62. Kapikian AZ, Hoshino Y, Chanock RM, Pérez-Schael I. Efficacy of a quadrivalent rhesus rotavirus-based human rotavirus vaccine aimed at preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea in infants and young children. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S65-72.
  63. Clark HF, Offit PA, Ellis RW, Eiden JJ, Krah D, Shaw AR, Pichichero M, “et al”. The development of multivalent bovine rotavirus (strain WC3) reassortant vaccine for infants. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S73-80.
  64. Flores J, Pérez-Schael I, Boeggeman E, “et al”. Genetic relatedness among human rotaviruses. J med Virol 1985; 17:135-143.
  65. Hoshino Y, Kapikian AZ. Rotavirus vaccine development for the prevention of severe diarrhea in infants and young children. Trends in Microbiology 1994; 2:242-249.
  66. Taniguchi K, Urasawa S. Diversity in rotavirus genomes. Virology 1995; 6:123-131.
  67. Hoshino Y, Kapikian AZ. Rotavirus serotypes: clasification and importance in epidemiology, immunity, and vaccine development. J Health Popul Nutr 2000; 18:5-14.
  68. Gentsch JR, Woods PA, Ramachandran M, Das BK, Leite JP, Alfieri A, “et al”. Review of G and P typing results from a global collection of rotavirus strains: implications for vaccine development. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S30-36.
  69. White L, García D, Boher Y, Blanco M, Pérez M, Romer H, “et al”. Temporal distribution of human rotavirus serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in venezuelan children with gastroenteritis during 1979-1989. J Med Virol 1991; 34:79-84.
  70. Santos N, Riepenhoff-talty M, Clark HF, Offit P, Gouvea V. VP4 genotyping of human rotavirus in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:205-208.
  71. Gunasena S, Nakagomi O, Isegawa Y, Kaga E, Nakagomi T, Duncan Steele A, ”et al”. Relative frequency of VP4 gene alleles among human rotaviruses recovered over a 10-year period (1982-1991) from japanese children with diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:2195-2197.
  72. Santos N, Lima R, Pereira C, Gouvea V. Detection of rotavirus types G8 and G10 among brazilian children with diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:2727-2729.
  73. Padilla-Noriega L, Méndez-Toss M, Menchaca G, Contreras JF, Romero-Guido P, Puerto FI, “et al”. Antigenic and genomic diversity of human rotavirus VP4 in two consecutive epidemic seasons in Mexico. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:1688-1692.
  74. Woods PA, Gentsch J, Gouvea V, Mata L, Simhon A, Santosham M, “et al”. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:781-785.
  75. Kaga E, Iizuka M, Nakagomi T, Nakagomi O. The distribution of G (VP7) and P (VP4) serotypes among human rotaviruses recovered from japanese children with diarrhea. Microbiol Immunol 1994; 38:317-320.
  76. Ramachandran M, Gentsch JR, Parashar UD, Jin S, Woods PA, Holmes JL, “et al”. Detection and characterization of novel rotavirus strains in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 1998.; 36:3223-3229.
  77. Cunliffe NA, Bresee JS, Gentsch JR, Glass RI Hart CA. The expanding diversity of rotaviruses. The Lancet 2002; 359:640-642.
  78. Nakagomi O, Nakagomi T. Interspecies transmission of rotaviruses studied from the perspective of genogroup. Microbiol Immunol 1993; 37:337-348.
  79. Offit PA. Host factors associated with protection against rotavirus disease: The skies are clearing. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S59-64.
  80. Offit PA. Correlates of protection against rotavirus infection and disease. In Gastroenteritis viruses. Novartis Foundation Symposium 238. Ed. by John Wiley & Sons, LTD, Chichester, England 2001; pp:106-124.
  81. Coulson BS, Grimwood K, Hudson IL, Barnes GL, Bishop RF. Role of coproantibody in clinical protection of children during reinfections with rotavirus. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:1678-1684.
  82. Matson DO, O’Ryan ML, Herrera I, Pickering LK, Estes MK. Fecal antibody responses to symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infectious. J Infect Dis 1993; 167:577-583.
  83. Feng N, Burns JW, Bracy L, Greenberg HB. Comparison of mucosal and systemic humoral immune responses and subsequent protection in mice orally inoculated with a homologous or a heterologous rotavirus. J Virol 1994; 68:7766-7773.
  84. Jaimes MC, Rojas OL, González AM, Cajiao I, Charpilienne A, Pothier P, “et al”. Frequencies of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocites secreting gamma interferon after acute natural rotavirus infection in children and adults. J Virol 2002; 76:4741-4749.
  85. Mazanec MB, Kaetzel CS, Lamm ME., Fletcher D, Nedrud JG. Intracellular neutralization of virus by immunoglobulin A antibodies. Proc Nat. Acad Sci USA; 1992; 89:6901-6905
  86. Connor ME, Zarley CD, Hu B, Parsons S, Drabinski D, Greiner S, “et al”. Virus-like particles as a rotavirus subunit vaccine. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S88-92.
  87. Estes MK. Advances in molecular biology: Impact on rotavirus vaccine development. J Infect Dis 1996a; 174:S37-46.
  88. Bishop RF, Barnes GL, Cipriani E, Lund JS. Clinical immunity after neonatal rotavirus infection. A prospective longitudinal study in young children. N Engl J Med 1983; 309:72-76.
  89. Bhan MK, Lew JF, Sazawal S, Das BK, Gentsch JR, Glass RI. Protection conferred by neonatal rotavirus infection against subsequent rotavirus diarrhea. J Infect Dis 1993. 168:282-287.
  90. Bernstein DI, Sander DS, Smith VE, Schiff GM, Ward RL. Protection from rotavirus reinfection: 2-years prospective study. J Infect Dis. 1991; 164:277-283.
  91. Ward RL, Bernstein DI for the US Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group. Protection against rotavirus disease after natural rotavirus infection. J Infect Dis 1994; 169:900-904.
  92. Mata L, Simhon A, Urrutia JJ, Kronmal RA, Fernández R, García B. Epidemiology of rotaviruses in a cohort of 45 Guatemalan Mayan Indian children observed from birth to the age of three years. J Infect Dis 1983; 148:452-461.
  93. Simhon A, Mata L, Vives M, Rivera L, Vargas S, Ramírez G, “et al”. Low endemicity and low pathogenicity of rotaviruses among rural children in Costa Rica. J Infect Dis 1985; 152:1134-1142.
  94. Friedman MG, Galil A, Sarov B, Margalith M, Katzir G, Midthun K, “et al”. Two sequential outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis: Evidence for symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfections. J Infect Dis 1988; 158:814-822.
  95. Grimwood K, Lund JCS, Coulson BS, Hudson IL, Bishop RF, Barnes GL. Comparison of serum and mucosal antibody responses following severe acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:738-738.
  96. Hjelt K, Grauballe PC, Schiotz PO, Andersen L, Krasilnikoff PA. Intestinal and serum response to a naturally acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis in childre. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985; 4:60-66.
  97. Hjelt K, Grauballe PC, Andersen L, Schiotz PO, Howitz P, Krasilnikoff PA. Antibody response in serum and intestine in children up to six months after a naturrally acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1986; 5:74-80.
  98. Coulson B, Grimwood K, Masendyez P, “et al”. Comparison of rotavirus immunoglobulin A coproconversion with other indices of rotavirus infection in a longitudinal study in childhood. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:1367-74.G
  99. Hoshino Y, Sereno MM, Midthun K, Flores J, Kapikian AZ, Chanock RM. Independent segregation of two antigenic specificities (VP3 and VP7) involved in neutralization of rotavirus infectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82:8701-8704.
  100. Johansen K, Hinkula J, Espinoza F, Levi M, Zeng C, Rudén U, “et al”. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in humans to the NSP4 enterotoxin of rotavirus. J Med Virol 1999; 59:369-377.
  101. Burns JW, Siadat-Pajouh M, Krishnaney AA, Greenberg HB. Protective effect of rotavirus VP6-Specific IgA monoclonal antibodies that lack neutralizing activity. Science 1996; 272:104-107.
  102. Taniguchi K, Urasawa T, Kobayashi N, Ahmed MU, Adachi N, Chiba S, “et al”. Antibody response to serotype-specific and cross-reactive neutralization epitopes on VP4 and VP7 after rotavirus infection on vaccination. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:483-487.
  103. Green KY, Taniguchi K, Mackow ER, Kapikian AZ. Homotypic and heterotypic epitope-specific antibody responses in adult and infant rotavirus vaccinees: Implications for vaccine development. J Infect Dis 1990; 161:667-679.
  104. O’Ryan ML, Matson DO, Estes MK, Pickering LK. Anti-rotavirus G type-specific and isotype-specific antibodies in children with natural rotavirus infections. J Infect Dis 1994; 169:504-511.
  105. Chiba S, Nakata S, Urasawa T, Urasawa S, Yokoyama T, Morita Y, “et al”. Protective effect of naturally acquired homotypic and heterotypic rotavirus antibodies. Lancet 1986; 2:417-421.
  106. Chiba S, Nakata S, Ukae S, Adachi N. Virological and serological aspects of immune resistance to rotavirus gastroenteritis. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16:S117-121.
  107. Vásquez J, Boher Y, Pérez M, Guntiñas MJ, Rojas AM. Immune response to three doses of quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine: 1-year follow-up. Vaccine 1998; 16:1179-1183.
  108. McNeal MM, Broome RL, Ward RL. Active immunity against rotavirus infection in mice is correlated with viral replication and titers of serum rotavirus IgA following vaccination. Virology 1994; 204:642-650.
  109. Hjelt K, Grauballe PC, Paerregaard A, Nielsen OH, Krasilnikoff PA. Protective effect of preexisting rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A against naturally acquired rotavirus infection in children. J Med Virol 1987; 21:39-47.
  110. Velázquez FR, Matson DO, Guerrero LM, Shults J, Calva JJ, Morrow AL, “et al”. Serum antibody as a marker of protection against natural rotavirus infection and disease. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1602-1608.
  111. González R, Franco MA, Sarmiento L, Romero M, Corao A, Pérez-Schael I. (Abstrac). Serum IgA antibodies correlate with protection against rotavirus disease in natural infected bout not in immunized children. III World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Disease- WSPID, Chile, 2002; pp: 88.
  112. Bishop RF, Bugg HC, Masendycz PJ, Lund JS, Gorrel RJ, Barnes GL. Serum, fecal, and breast milk rotavirus antibodies as indices of infection in mother-infant pairs. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S22-29.
  113. Madore HP, Christy C, Pichichero M, Long C, Pincus P, Vosefsky D, “et al”. Field trial of rhesus rotavirus or human-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccine of VP7 serotype 3 or 1 specificity in infants. J Infect Dis 1992; 166:235-243.
  114. Ward RL, Berstein DI for the US rotavirus vaccine efficacy group. Lack of correlation between serum rotavirus antibody titers and protection following vaccination with RRV vaccines. Vaccine 1995; 13:1226-1252.
  115. Bernstein DI, Glass RI, Rodgers G, Davidson BL, Sack DA for the US Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group. Evaluation of rhesus rotavirus monovalent and tetravalent reassortant vaccines in US children. JAMA 1995; 273:1191-1196.
  116. Franco MA, Greenberg HB. Challenges for rotavirus vaccinea. Virol 2001; 281:153-155.
  117. Ward RL, Clemens JD, Knowlton DR, Rao MR, Van Loon FP, Huda N, “et al ”. Evidence that protection against rotavirus diarrhea after natural infection is not dependent on serotype-specific neutralizing antibody. J Infect Dis 1992; 166:1251-1257.
  118. Clark HF, Borian FE, Bell LM, Modesto K, Gouvea A, Plotkin AS. Protective effect of WC3 vaccine againt rotavirus diarrhoea in infants during a prodominantly serotype 1 rotavirus season. J Infect Dis 1988; 158:570-587.
  119. Vesikari T, Isolauri E, Delem A, D’Hondt E, Zissis G. Immunogenicity and safety of live oral attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine strain RIT 4237 in adults and young children. Lancet 1983; 2:807-811.
  120. Lanata CF, Black RE, del Aguila R, Gil H, Verastegui G, Gerna G, “et al”. Protection of Peruvian children against rotavirus diarrhea of specific serotypes by one, two or three doses of the RIT 4237 attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine. J Infect Dis 1989; 159:452-459.
  121. Vesikari T, Joensuu J. Review of rotavirus vaccine trials in Finland. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S81-87.
  122. Clemens JD, Rao M, Ahmed F, Ward RL, Huda S, Chakraborty J, “et al”. Breask-feeding and the risk of life-threatening rotavirus diarrhea: prevention or postponement? Pediatrics 1993; 92:680-685.
  123. Offit P. Rotaviruses: immunological determinants of protection against infection and disease. Adv Virus Res 1994; 44:161-202.
  124. Ward LA, Rich ED, Besser TE. Role of maternally derived circulating antibodies in protection of neonatal swine against porcine group A rotavirus. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:276-282.
  125. Jiang B, Gentsch JR, Glass RI. The role of serum antibodies in the protection against rotavirus disease: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 34:1351-1361.
  126. Ward RL. Mechanisms of protection against rotavirus in humans and mice. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:S51-58.
  127. Ada G. The immunology of vaccination (Chapter 3). In: Vaccines. Ed. by Plotkin SA and Orenstein WA. 3rd Edition. WB Sauders Company. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1999: Pp: 28-39.
  128. Franco MA, Feng N, Greenberg HB. Molecualr determinats of immunity and pathogenicity of rotavirus infection in the mouse model. J Infect Dis 1996; 174(Suppl 1):S47-50.
  129. Rosé J, Franco M, Greenberg H. The immunology of rotavirus infection in the mouse. Adv Virus Res 1999; 51:203-235.
  130. Franco MA, Greenberg HB. Immunity to rotavirus in T cell deficient mice. Virology 1997; 338:169-179.
  131. González AM, Jaimes MC, Cajiao I, Rojas O, Cohen J, Pothier P, “et al”. Virol 2003; 305:93-105.
  132. Rojas OL, González AM, González R, Pérez-Schael I, Butcher EC, Greenberg HB, “et al”. Human rotavirus specific T cells: quantification by elispot and expression of homing receptors on CD4+T cell. Enviado a publicación.
  133. Nakagomi O, Nakagomi T. Rotavirus vaccines: A perspective. Microbiol Immunol 1996; 40:701-709.
  134. Feachem RG. Preventing diarrhoea: what are the policy options? Health Policy and Planning 1986; 1:109-117.
  135. WHO. Report of the meeting on future directions for rotavirus vaccine research in developing countries. Geneva, February 9-11, World Health Organization, 2000; pp 1-62.
  136. CDC. Intussusception among recipients of rotavirus vaccine-United States, 1998-1999. 48:577-581 In: JAMA 1999; 282:520-521.
  137. Zanardi LR, Haber P, Mootrey GT, Niu M, Wharton M, VAERS working group. Intussusception among reciepients of rotavirus vaccine: report to the vaccine adeverse reporting system. Pediatrics 2001; 107:1-6.
  138. Wyatt RG, Mebus CA, Yolken RH, Kalica AR, James Jr HD, Kapikian AZ, “et al”. Rotaviral immunity in gnotobiotic calves: heterologous resistance to human virus induced by bovine virus. Science 1975; 203:548-550.
  139. Zheng BJ, Han SX, Yan YK, Liang XR, Ma GZ, Yang Y, “et al”. Development of neutralizing antibodies and group A common antibodies against natural infections with human rotavirus. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:1506-1512.
  140. Zissis G, Lambert JP, Marbehant P, Marissens D, Lobman M, Charlier P, “et al”. Protection studies in colostrumdeprived piglets of a bovine rotavirus vaccine candidate using human rotavirus strains for challenge. J Infect Dis 1983; 148:1061-1068.
  141. Kapikian AZ, Wyatt RG, Levine MM, Yolken RH, VanKirk DH, Dolin R, “et al”. Oral administration of human rotavirus to volunteers: Induction of illness and correlates of resistance. J Infect Dis 1983; 147:95-106.
  142. Kapikian AZ, Wyatt RG, Greenberg HB, Kalica AR, Kim HW, Brandt CD, “et al”. Approaches to immunization of infants and young children against gastroenteritis due to rotaviruses. Rev Infect Dis 1980; 2:459-469.
  143. Midthun K, Kapikian AZ. Rotavirus vaccines: an overview. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996; 9:423-434.
  144. Pericchi LR, Pérez-Schael I, Viana D G, Cunto W, Kapikian AZ, Flores J. Statistical analysis of a rhesus rotavirus vaccine trial to assess protective effect against diarrhea in venezuelan children of 2-4 months of age. Interciencia 1989; 14:199-202
  145. Georges-Courbot MC, Monges J, Siopathis MR, Roungou JB, Gresenguet G, Bellec L, “et al”. Evaluation of the efficacy of a low-passage bovine rotavirus (strain WC3) vaccine in children in Central Africa. Res Virol 1991; 142:405-411.
  146. Midthun K, Greenberg HB, Hoshino Y, Kapikian AZ, Wyatt RG, Chanock RM. Reassortant rotaviruses as potencial live rotavirus vaccine candidates. J Virol 1985; 53:949-954.
  147. Wright PF, King J, Araki K, Kondo Y, Thompson J, Tollefson SJ, “et al”. Simultaneous administration of two human-rhesus rotavirus reassortant strains of VP7 serotype 1 and 2 specificity to infants and young children. J Infect D 1991; 164:271-276.
  148. Flores J, Pérez-Schael I, Blanco M, Vilar M, García D, Pérez M, “et al”. Reactions to and antigenicity of two human-rehesus rotavirus reassortant vaccine candidates od serotypes 1 and 2 in venezuelan infants. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:512-518.
  149. Lanata CF, Black RE, Flores J, Lazo F, Butron B, Linares A, “et al”. Immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of one dose of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine and serotype 1 and 2 human-rhesus rotavirus reassortants in children from Lima, Peru. Vaccine 1996; 14:237-243.
  150. Pérez-Schael I, Blanco M, Vilar M, García D, White L, González R, “et al”. Clinical studies of a quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine in venezuelan infants. J Clin Microbiol 1990a; 28:553-558.
  151. Flores J, Pérez-Schael I, Blanco M, White L, García D, Vilar M, “et al”. Comparison of reactogenicity and antigenicity of M37 rotavirus vaccine and rhesus-rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine. Lancet 1990; 336:330-334.
  152. Pérez-Schael I, Blanco M, García D, White L, Alfonzo E, Crespo I, “et al”. Evaluation of the antigenicity and reactogenicity of varying formulations of the rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent and the M37 rotavirus vaccine candidates. J Med Virol 1994; 42:330-337.
  153. Flores J, Pérez-Schael I, Blanco M, Rojas AM, Alfonzo E, Crespo I, “et al”. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a high-titer rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:2439-2445.
  154. Lanata CF, Midthun K, Black RE, Butron B, Huapaya A, Penny ME, “et al”. Safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of one and three doses of the tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine in infants in Lima, Peru. J Infect Dis 1996a; 174:268-275.
  155. Linhares AC, Gabbay YB, Mascarenhas JDP, de Freitas RB, Oliveira CS, Bellesi N, “et al”. Immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of tetravalent rhesus-human, reassortant rotavirus vaccine in Belém, Brazil. Bull WHO 1996; 74:491-500.
  156. Rennels MB, Glass RI, Dennehy PH, Bernstein DI, Pichichero ME, Zito ET, Mack ME, Davidson BL, and Kapikian AZ, for the United States Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group. 1996. Safety and efficacy of high-dose rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines-report of the National Multicenter Trial. Pediatrics 97:7-13.
  157. Santosham M, Moulton LH, Retd R, Croll J, Weatherholt R, Ward R, “et al”. Efficacy and safety of high-dose rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in native american populations. J Pediatr 1997; 131:632-638.
  158. Joensuu J, Koskenniemi E, Pang XL, Vesikari T. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. Lancet 1997; 350:1205-1209.
  159. Pérez-Schael I, Guntiñas MJ, Pérez M, Pagone V, Rojas AM, González R,”et al”. Efficacy of the rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine in infants and young children in Venezuela. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:1181-1187.
  160. Linhares AC, Lanata CF, Hausdorff WP, Gabbay YB, Black RE. Reappraisal of the peruvian and brazilian lower titer tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine efficacy trials: analysis by severity of diarrhea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:1001-1006.
  161. Hoshino Y, Wagner M, Yan X, Pérez-Schael I Kapikian AZ. Horizontal transmisssion of rhesus monkey rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine during phase 3 clinical trial in Caracas, Venezuela. J Infect Dis 2003; 187: 791-800.
  162. Rimer HC, Wasserman SS, Flores J, Pichichero ME, Losonsky GA. Rotavirus-specific breast milk antibody in two populations and possible correlates of interference with rhesus rotavirus vaccine seroconversion. J Infect Dis 1992; 165:826-830.
  163. Rennels MB. Influence of breast-feeding and oral poliovirus vaccine on the immunogenicity and efficacy of rotavirus vaccines. J Infect Dis 1996a; 174:S107-111.
  164. Kapikian AZ. A rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe diarrhoea of infants and young children: development, utilization and withdrawal. In Gastroenteritis viruses. Novartis Foundation Symposium 238. Ed by Wiley Chichester, 2001: pp 153-179.
  165. Clements-Mann ML, Makhene MK, Mrukowicz J, Wright PF, Hoshino Y, Midthun K, “et al”. Safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated human-bovine (UK) reassortant rotavirus vaccines with VP7 specificity for serotypes 1, 2, 3 or 4 in adults, children and infants. Vaccines 1999; 17:20-21.
  166. Clements-Mann ML, Dudas R, Hoshino Y, Nehring P, Sperber E, Wagner M, “et al”. Safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated quadrivalente human-bovine (UK) reassortant rotavirus vaccine administered with childhood vaccines to infants. Vaccine 2001; 19:4676-4678.
  167. Parashar UD, Holman RC, Cummings KC, Stagga NW, Curns AT, Zimmerman Ch M, “et al”. Trends in intussusception-assocaited hospitalization and deaths among US infants. Pediatrics 2000; 106:1413-1421.
  168. Gay N, Ramsay M, Waight P. Rotavirus vaccination and intussusception. Lancet 1999; 354:956.
  169. Pérez-Schael I, Escalona M, Salinas B, Materán M, Pérez ME, González G. Intussusception-associated hospitalization among Venezuelan infants during 1998 through 2001:anticipating rotavirus vaccines. Pediatric Infect Dis J 2003; 22:234-239.
  170. Kramarz P, France EK, Destefano F, Black SB, Shinefield H, Ward JI, “et al”. Population -based study of rotavirus vaccination and intussusception. Pediatrc Infect Dis J 2001; 20:410-416.
  171. Murphy TV, Gargiullo PM, Massoudi MS, Nelson DB, Jumaan AO, Okoro CA, “et al”. Intussusception among infants given oral rotavirus vaccine. New Engl J Med 2001; 344: 564-572.
  172. Chang EJ, Zangwill KM, Lee H, Ward JI. Lack of association between rotavirus infection and intussusception: implications for use of attenuated rotavirus vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:97-102.
  173. Weifer Ch. The future of research into rotavirus vaccine. Benefits of vaccine may outweigh risk for children in developing countries. BMJ 2000; 321:525-526.
  174. Midthun K, Halsey NA, Jett-Goheen M, Clements ML, Steinhoff M, King JC, “et al”. Safety and immunogenicity of human rotavirus vaccine strain M37 in adults, children, and infants. J Infect Dis 1991; 164:792-796.
  175. Vesikari T, Ruuska T, Koivu HP, Green KY, Flores J, Kapikian AZ. Evaluation of the M37 human rotavirus vaccine in 2- to 6-month-old-infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10:912-917.
  176. Bernstein DI, Smith VE, Sherwood JR, Schiff GM, Sander DS, DeFeudis D, “et al”. Safety and immunogenicity of live, attenuated human rotavirus vaccine 89-12. Vaccine 1998; 16:381-387.
  177. Bernstein DI, Sack DA, Rothstein E, Reisinger K, Smith VE, O’Sullivan D, “et al”. Efficacy of live, attenuated, human rotavirus vaccine 89-12 in infants: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 354:287-290.
  178. Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Espo M, Karvonen T, Lebacq E, Forster J, Zepp F, Ward R, Delem A abd De Vos B. Evaluation of an oral human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine RIX 4414 in Europe. III World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Disease- WSPID, Chile, 2002; pp: 82.
  179. Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Espo M, Karvonen T, Delem A and De vos B. Efficacy of an oral human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine in previously uninfected Finnish infants. 42nd ICAAC meeting, San Diego-California, USA. Abstrac. 2002; pp: 249
  180. Linhares AC, Pérez-Schael I, Ruíz-Palacios G, Pernambuco E, Jacquet JM and De Vos B. Immunonenicity and reactogenicity of an oral human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine in Latin American infants. III World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Disease- WSPID, Chile, 2002; pp: 82.
  181. Pérez-Schael I, Linhares AC, Guerrero ML, Ruíz-Palacios G, Clemens SA, Jacquet J and De Vos B. Protective efficacy of an oral human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine in Latin American infants. 42nd ICAAC meeting, San Diego-California, USA. Late-breaker program, 2002; pp:18.
  182. Ruíz-Palacios G, Guerreo ML, Linhares AC, Salinas B, Pérez-Schael I, Jacquet J and De Vos B. Efficacy of an oral human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine in preventing diarrhoea due to G1 and non-G1 rotavirus. III World Congress of Pediatric Infectious Disease- WSPID, Chile, 2002; pp: 17.
  183. Chen SC, Jones DH, Fynan EF, Farrar GH, Clegg JCS, Greenberg HB, “et al”. Protective immunity induced by oral immunization with a rotavirus DNA vaccine encapsulated in microparticles. J Virol 1998; 72:5757-5761.Fernández FM, Conner
  184. ME, Hodgins DC, Parwani AV, Nielsen PR, Crawford SE, “et al”. Passive immunity to bovine rotavirus in newborn calves fed colostrum supplements from cows immunized with recombinant SA11 rotavirus core-like particle (CLP) or virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Vaccine 1998; 16:507-516.
  185. McNeal M, Rae MN, Conner ME, Ward RL. Stimulation of local immunity and protection in mice by intramuscular immunization with triple-or double-layered rotavirus particles and QS-21. Virology 1998; 243:158-166.
Introducción
Impacto de la enfermedad por rotavirus grupo A
Características epidemiológicas de los rotavirus
Clínica y patogenicidad de la infección por rotavirus
Estructura y clasificación del rotavirus
Inmunidad inducida por rotavirus
Control y prevención de la enfermedad por rotavirus
Referencias

NOTA: Toda la información que se brinda en este artículo es de carácter investigativo y con fines académicos y de actualización para estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. En ningún caso es de carácter general ni sustituye el asesoramiento de un médico. Ante cualquier duda que pueda tener sobre su estado de salud, consulte con su médico o especialista.





Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Elaborado por el Centro de Análisis de Imágenes Biomédicas Computarizadas CAIBCO,
caibco@ucv.ve
Este portal ha sido desarrollado gracias al apoyo del Fonacit