The world report on violence and health
Fecha de recepción: 31/12/2000
Fecha de aceptación:
31/12/2000
Este reporte hace una importante contribución a nuestra comprensión de la violencia y a su impacto sobre las sociedades. Exhibe los diferentes rostros de la violencia, desde el sufrimiento "invisible" de los individuos más vulnerables de la sociedad, a la notoria tragedia de las sociedades en conflicto. El mismo mejora nuestro análisis de los factores que conducen a la violencia y a las posibles respuestas de diferentes sectores de la sociedad.
Al hacer esto, este documento nos recuerda que la protección y la seguridad no ocurren en forma espontánea, sino que son el resultado de un consenso colectivo y de políticas públicas dirigidas a tal fin.
Contenido
A continuación se presentan, en formato PDF, los capítulos que integran el World report on violence and health, a los cuales usted podrá acceder por separado, a través de los siguientes enlaces.
Introductory section
Preface
Foreword
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chapter 1. Violence - a global public health problem
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Background |
The visible and the invisible
A preventable problem |
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What can a public health approach contribute? |
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Defining violence |
Intentionality |
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Typology of violence |
Types of violence
The nature of violent acts |
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Measuring violence and its impact |
Types of data
Sources of data
Problems with collecting data |
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An overview of current knowledge |
Estimates of mortality
Estimates of non-fatal violence
The costs of violence |
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Examining the roots of violence: an ecological model |
Multiple levels
Complex linkages |
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How can violence be prevented? |
Types of prevention
Multifaceted responses
Documenting effective responses
Balancing public health action
Addressing cultural norms
Actions against violence at all levels |
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Problems for national decision-makers
Conclusion
References |
Chapter 2. Youth violence
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Background |
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The extent of the problem |
Youth homicide rates
Trends in youth homicides
Non-fatal violence
Risk behaviours for youth violence |
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The dynamics of youth violence |
How does youth violence begin?
Situational factors |
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What are the risk factors for youth violence? |
Individual factors
Relationship factors
Community factors
Societal factors |
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What can be done to prevent youth violence? |
Individual approaches
Relationship approaches
Community-based efforts
Societal approaches |
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Recommendations |
Establishing data collection systems
More scientific research
Developing prevention strategies
Disseminating knowledge |
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Conclusion
References |
Chapter 3. Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers
| Background |
| How are child abuse and neglect defined? |
Cultural issues
Types of abuse |
| The extent of the problem |
Fatal abuse
Non-fatal abuse |
| What are the risk factors for child abuse and neglect? |
Factors increasing a child's vulnerability
Caregiver and family characteristics
Community factors
Societal factors |
| The consequences of child abuse |
Health burden
Financial burden |
| What can be done to prevent child abuse and neglect? |
Family support approaches
Health service approaches
Therapeutic approaches
Legal and related remedies
Community-based efforts
Societal approaches |
| Recommendations |
Better assessment and monitoring
Better response systems
Policy development
Better data
More research
Documentation of effective responses
Improved training and education for professionals |
Conclusion
References |
| Background |
| The extent of the problem |
Measuring partner violence
Partner violence and murder
Traditional notions of male honour |
| The dynamics of partner violence |
How do women respond to abuse? |
| What are the risk factors for intimate partner violence? |
Individual factors
Relationship factors
Community factors
Societal factors |
| The consequences of intimate partner violence |
Impact on health
Economic impact of violence
Impact on children |
| What can be done to prevent intimate partner violence? |
Support for victims
Legal remedies and judicial reforms
Treatment for abusers
Health service interventions
Community-based efforts |
| Principles of good practice |
Action at all levels
Women's involvement
Changing institutional cultures
A multisectoral approach |
| Recommendations |
Research on intimate partner violence
Strengthening informal sources of support
Making common cause with other social programmes
Investing in primary prevention |
Conclusion
References |
Chapter 5. Abuse of the elderly
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Background |
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How is elder abuse defined? |
Traditional societies |
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The extent of the problem |
Domestic settings
Institutional settings |
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What are the risk factors for elder abuse? |
Individual factors
Relationship factors
Community and societal factors |
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The consequences of elder abuse |
Domestic settings
Institutions |
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What can be done to prevent elder abuse? |
Responses at national level
Local responses |
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Recommendations |
Greater knowledge
Stronger laws
More effective prevention strategies |
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Conclusion
References |
Chapter 6. Sexual violence
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Background |
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How is sexual violence defined? |
Forms and contexts of sexual violence |
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The extent of the problem |
Sources of data
Estimates of sexual violence
Sexual violence in schools, health care settings, violent conflicts and refugee settings
"Customary" forms of sexual violence |
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What are the risk factors for sexual violence? |
Factors increasing women's vulnerability
Factors increasing men's risk of committing rape
Peer and family factors
Community factors
Societal factors |
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The consequences of sexual violence |
Pregnancy and gynaecological complications
Sexually transmitted diseases
Mental health
Suicidal behaviour
Social ostracization |
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What can be done to prevent sexual violence? |
Individual approaches
Developmental approaches
Health care responses
Community-based efforts
Legal and policy responses
Actions to prevent other forms of sexual violence |
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Recommendations |
More research
Determining effective responses
Greater attention to primary prevention
Addressing sexual abuse within the health sector |
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Conclusion
References |
Chapter 7. Self-directed violence
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Background |
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How is suicide defined? |
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The extent of the problem |
Fatal suicidal behaviour
Non-fatal suicidal behaviour and ideation |
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What are the risk factors for suicidal behaviouró |
Psychiatric factors
Biological and medical markers
Life events as precipitating factors
Socioeconomic and environmental factors |
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What can be done to prevent suicides? |
Treatment approaches
Behavioural approaches
Relationship approaches
Community-based efforts
Societal approaches
Intervention after a suicide
Policy responses |
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Recommendations |
Better data
Further research
Better psychiatric treatment
Environmental changes
Strengthening community-based efforts |
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Conclusion
References |
Chapter 8. Collective violence
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Background |
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How is collective violence defined? |
Forms of collective violence |
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Data on collective violence |
Sources of data
Problems with data collection |
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The extent of the problem |
Casualties of collective conflicts
The nature of collective conflicts |
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What are the risk factors for collective violence? |
Political and economic factors
Societal and communal factors
Demographic factors
Technological factors |
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The consequences of collective violence |
Impact on health
Impact on specific populations
Demographic impact
Socioeconomic impact |
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What can be done to prevent collective violence? |
Reducing the potential for violent conflicts
Responses to violent conflicts
Documentation, research and dissemination of information |
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Recommendations |
Information and understanding
Preventing violent conflicts
Peacekeeping
Health sector responses
Humanitarian responses |
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Conclusion
References |
Chapter 9. The way forward: recommendations for action
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Background |
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Responding to violence: what is known so far? |
Major lessons to date
Why should the health sector be involved?
Assigning responsibilities and priorities |
|
Recommendations
Conclusion |
Statistical annex & Resources
Index
Last update : September 27, 2002
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