Junio-Agosto 1999 1
DOI:10.70024 / ISSN 1317-987X
 
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Urología
Cambios Urogenitales en la Menopausia

Bibliografía

  1. Repercusión urogenital del climaterio y la edad.Santos G, J. Carranza L, S. Editor. Mc Graw Hill Interamericana . México 1988.Capitulo 11 pags.177-86.
  2. Alteraciones del tracto genitourinario bajo y menopausia.Palacios G. S, y Menéndez, C.En climaterio y menopausia .Palacios Santiago Editor. MIRPAL. Madrid. 1993. Capitulo 9 págs. 105-12.
  3. Greendale GA, Sowers M.The menopause transition .Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , 26 (2) :261-77 .Jun 1977 .
  4. Milson ,I. et.al. Factors influencing vaginal cytology , ph , and bacterial flora in elderly women .Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 72 : 286-91 1993.
  5. Bachman GA .The clinical plataform for the 17 beta estradiol vaginal releasing ring . Am J Obstet Gynecol , 178 (5) : S257-60 May 1988 .
  6. Rut , T.The effects of estrogens and gestagens on the uretral pressure profile in the urinary continent and stress incontinent woman . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 59: 265-70 .1980 .
  7. Bergstrom, C. Estriol in recurrent urinary tract infection in elderly women .Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand supl 140 : 79-83 1993.
  8. Bachman ,GA . Influence of menopause on sexuality . Int J Fertil Menopausal study, 40 Suppl 10 : 16-22 1995 .
  9. Diokno,AC .et.al. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and other urological symptoms in the non institutionalized elderly. J Urology136 : 1022-1025 ,1986 .
  10. Smith,P . Estrogens and the urogenital tract .Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand supl 157 : 5 ? 26 .1993.
  11. Rekers , H . Epidemiology of incontinent symptoms in women after the menopause .Symposium Lower urinary tract disorders after the menopause . XII th World congress of gynecology and obstetrics . Brazil 23-28 Oct. 1988
  12. Grimby,A et.al. The influence of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of elderly women .Age Ageing 22: 82-89 1993.
  13. Henriksson , L .et .al.A comparative multicenter study of the effects of continuous low dosis stradiol released for a new vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal pressaries in post menopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy .Am J Obstet Gynecol 171 : 6124 ?32 1994.
  14. Yang ,JM . Factors affecting urethrocystographic parameters in urinary continent woman .J Clin Ultrasound , 25(5) :249-55 .Jun 1966 .
  15. Falconer ,C. et al .Paraurethral connective tissue in strees incontinent women after menopause .Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , 77 (1) : 95-100 .Jan 1988 .
  16. Falconer ,C. et. al . Decreased collagen synthesis in stress incontinence women.Obstet Gynecol 84: 583 ? 6 1994 .
  17. O?Donnell , P . Special considerations in elderly individuals with urinary incontinence . Urology supl 51 ( 2A ) : 20 ? 6 1998.
  18. Payne ,CH.Epidemiology,Pathophysiology,and evaluation of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. Urology supl 51 ( 2A ) : 5 ?10 1998.
  19. Rabe .T , et. al .Spacing out of progestin efficacy , tolerability and compliance of two regimens for hormonal replacement in the last postmenopause . Gynecol Endocrinol , 11 (6) : 383-92 Dec 1997 .
  20. Fantl, JA . et. al . Efficacy of estrogen supplementation in the treatment of urinary incontinence . Obstet Gynecol , 88(5) : 745-9 Nov 1996 .
  21. Gungor ,T. Et. al . Influence of anterior colporraphy with colpoperineoplasty operations for stress incontinence and or genital descent on sexual life J Pak Med Assoc , 47 (10) : 248-50 Oct 1997 .
  22. Master ,W. Johonson , VE. The sexual response cycle of the human female vaginal lubrication . Ann N Y Acad Sci 83 : 301-17 1959.
  23. Semmens , W. Wagner , G. Estrogens deprivation and vaginal function in postmenopausal women .JAMA 248:245-8 1982 .
  24. Batra , S. Iosif, S. Progesterone receptors in the female lower urinary tract .J Urol 138:1301-7 1987 .
  25. Bailey , J. et .al. Symposium Report : Urogenital aging :The current and future role of local low doses estrogen therapy .European Menopausal J. 4 (3) : 8-23 1997 .
  26. Carlile,A. Davis,J. Faragher,E. The epitelium in the female urethra. A quantitative study. J Urol . 138:775-7 1987.
  27. Klutke , JJ . Bergman ,A. Hormonal influence on the urinary tract.Urol Clin . North Am . 22(3) :629-39 Aug.1995 .
Introducción
Estrógenos
Medicamentos
Otros órganos
Tratamiento
Bibliografía

NOTA: Toda la información que se brinda en este artículo es de carácter investigativo y con fines académicos y de actualización para estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. En ningún caso es de carácter general ni sustituye el asesoramiento de un médico. Ante cualquier duda que pueda tener sobre su estado de salud, consulte con su médico o especialista.





Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Central de Venezuela.
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