1.-Alusta P, Im I, Pearce B, Beger R, Kretzer R, Buzatu D, Wilkes J. Improving proton MR spectroscopy of brain tissue for noninvasive diagnostics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 32: 818-829.

2.-Preul M, Caramanos Z, Collins D, Villemure J, Leblanc R, Olivier A, Pokrupa R, Arnold D. Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of human brain tumors by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat Med 1996; 2: 323-325.

3.-Ross B, Michaelis T. Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Q 1994; 10: 191-247.

4.-Kugel H, Heindel W, Ernestus R, Bunke J, du Mesnil R. Human brain tumors: spectral patterns detected with localized H-1 MR spectroscopy. Radiology 1992; 183: 701-709.

5.-Tzika A, Vajapeyam S, Barnes P. Multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy and hemodynamic MR imaging of childhood brain tumors: preliminary observations. Am J Neuroradiol 1997;18:203-18.

6.-Del Sole A, Falini A, Ravasi L, Ottobrini L, De Marchis D, Bombardieri E, Lucignani G. Anatomical and biochemical investigation of primary brain tumours. Eur J Nucl Med 2001; 28: 1851-1872.

7.-Tzika A, Cheng L, Goumnerova L, Madsen J, Zurakowski D, Astrakas L, Zarifi M, Scott R, Anthony D, Gonzalez R, Black P. Biochemical characterization of pediatric brain tumors by using in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Neurosurg 2002; 96: 1023-1031.

8.-Murphy M, Loosemore A, Clifton A, Howe F, Tate A, Cudlip S, Wilkins P, Griffiths J, Bell B.. The contribution of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹HMRS) to clinical brain tumour diagnosis. Br J Neurosurg 2002; 16: 329-334.

9.-Tzika A, Astrakas L, Zarifi M, Petridou N, Young-Poussaint T, Goumnerova L, Zurakowski D, Anthony D, Black P. Multiparametric MR assessment of pediatric brain tumors. Neuroradiology 2003;45:1-10.

10.-Howe F, Barton S, Cudlip S, Stubbs M, Saunders D, Murphy M, Wilkins P, Opstad K, Doyle V, McLean M, Bell B, Griffiths J. Metabolic profiles of human brain tumors using quantitative in vivo ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2003; 49: 223-232.

11.-Ott D, Henning J, Ernst T. Human brain tumors: assessment with in vitro proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology 1993; 186: 745-752.

12.-De Edelenyi F, Rubin C, Estève F, Grand S, Décorps M, Lefournier V, Le Bas J, Rémy C. A new approach for analyzing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic images of brain tumors: nosologic images. Nat Med 2000; 6: 1287-1289.

13.-Preul M, Caramanos Z, Leblanc R, Villemure J, Arnold D. Using pattern recognition of in vivo proton MRSI data to improve the diagnosis and surgical management of patients with brain tumors. NMR Biomed 1998; 11: 192-200.

14.-Gupta R, Cloughesy T, Sinha U, Garakian J, Lazareff J, Rubino G, Rubino L, Becker D, Vinters H, Alger J. Relationships between choline magnetic resonance spectroscopy, apparent diffusion coefficient and quantitative histopathology in human glioma. J Neurooncology 2000;50:215-226.

15.-Herminghaus S, Pilatus U, Moller-Hartmann W, Raab P, Lanfermann H, Schlote W, Zanella F. Increased choline levels coincide with enhanced proliferative activity of human neuroepithelial brain tumors. NMR Biomed 2002; 15: 385-392.

16.-Podo F. Tumour phospholipid metabolism. NMR Biomed 1999;12:413-439.

17.-Tzika A, Astrakas L, Kieran M, Zurakowski D, Zarifi M, Poussaint T. Choline to N-acetylaspartate ratio is predictive of pediatric brain tumor progression. Radiology 2001;221(Suppl):488

18.-Tallan H. Studies on the distribution of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid in brain. J Biol Chem 1957;224:41-5.

19.-Yu X, Liu Z, Tian Z, Li S, Huang H, Xiu B, Zhao Q, Liu L, Jing W. Stereotactic biopsy for intracranial space-occupying lesions: clinical analysis of 550 cases. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2000; 75: 103-108.

20.-Alesch F, Pappaterra J, Tratting S, Koos W. The role of stereotactic biopsy in radiosurgery. Acta Neurochirur Suppl (Wien) 1995; 63: 20-24.

21.-Bernstein M, Parrent A. Complications of CT-guided stereotactic biopsy of intra-axial brain brain lesions. J Neurosurg 1994; 81: 165-168.

22.-Paulus W, Pfeiffer J. Intratumoral histologic heterogeneity of gliomas. A quantitative study. Cancer 1989; 64: 442-447.

23.-Lin A, Ross B, Harris K, Wong W. Efficacy of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neurological diagnosis and neurotherapeutic decision making. NeuroRx 2005;2:197–214

24.-Frayne R, Goodyear B, Dickhoff P, Lauzon M, Sevick R. Magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0 Tesla: challenges and advantages in clinical neurological imaging. Invest Radiol 2003;38:385–402

25.-Di Costanzo A, Trojsi F, Tosetti M, Giannatempo G, Nemore F, Piccirillo M, Bonavita S, Tedeschi G, Scarabino T. High-field proton MRS of human brain. Eur J Radiol 2003;48:146–153

26.-Schmitz B, Aschoff A, Hoffmann M, Grön G. Advantages and pitfalls in 3T MR brain imaging: a pictorial review. Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:2229–2237

27.-Shapiro M, Magee T, Williams D, Ramnath R, Ross J. The time for 3T clinical imaging is now. Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:1628–1629

28.-DeLano M, Fisher C. 3T MR imaging of the brain. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2006;14:77–88

29.-Tanenbaum L. Clinical 3T MR imaging: mastering the challenges. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2006;14:1–15

30.-Schwindt W, Kugel H, Bachmann R, Kloska S, Allkemper T, Maintz D, Pfleiderer B, Tombach B, Heindel W. Magnetic resonance imaging protocols for examination of the neurocranium at 3T. Eur Radiol 13:2170–2179

31.-Lu H, Nagae-Poetscher L, Golay X, Lin D, Pomper M, van Zijl P. Routine clinical brain MRI sequences for use at 3.0 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005;22:13–22

32.-Ndukum J, Fonseca L, Santos H, Voit E, Datta S. Statistical inference methods for sparse biological time series data. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Apr 25;5:57.

33.-O'Brien L, Ziegler D, Deutsch C, Frazier J, Herbert M, Locascio J. Statistical adjustments for brain size in volumetric neuroimaging studies: Some practical implications in methods. Psychiatry Res. 2011 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]

34.-Tate A, Majos C, Moreno A, Howe F, Griffiths J, Arus C. Automated classification of short echo time in in vivo ¹H brain tumor spectra: a multicenter study. Magn Reson Med 2003; 49: 29-36.

35.-Majos C, Julia-Sape M, Alonso J, Serrallonga M, Aguilera C, Acebes J, Arús C, Gili J. Brain tumor classification by proton MR spectroscopy: comparison of diagnostic accuracy at short and long TE. Am J Neuroradiol 2004; 25: 1696-1704.

36.-Lukas L, Devos A, Suykens J, Vanhamme L, Howe F, Majos C, Moreno-Torres A, Van der Graaf M, Tate AR, Arús C, Van Huffel S. Brain tumor classification based on long echo proton MRS signals. Artif Intell Med 2004; 31: 73-89.

37.-Simonetti A, Melssen W, Szabo de Edelenyi F, van Asten J, Heerschap A, Buydens L. Combination of feature-reduced MR spectroscopic and MR imaging data for improved brain tumor classification. NMR Biomed 2005; 18: 34-43.

38.-Glunde K, Jacobs M,Bhujwalla Z. Choline metabolism in cancer: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Exp Rev Mol Diag 2006; 6(6) 821-829.

39.-Dowling C, Bollen A, Noworolski S, McDermott M, Barbaro N, Day M, Henry R, Chang S, Dillon W, Nelson S, Vigneron D. Preoperative proton MR spectroscopy imaging of brain tumors: correlation with histopathologic analysis of resection specimens. Am J Neuroradiol 2001; 22: 604-612.

40.-Huang B, Kwock L, Castillo M, Smith J. Association of choline levels and tumor perfusion in brain metastases assessed with proton MR spectroscopy and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion weighted MRI. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2010;9:327-337.

41.-Burtscher I, Skagerberg G, Geijer B, Englund E, Ståhlberg F, Holtås S. Proton MR spectroscopy and preoperative diagnostic accuracy: an evaluation of intracranial mass lesions characterized by stereotactic biopsy findings. Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21:84-93.

42.-Behar K, den Hollander J, Stromski M, Ogino T, Shulman R, Petroff O, Prichard J. High resolution ¹H NMR study of cerebral hypoxia in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 4945-4948.

43.-Tomoi M, Kimura H, Yoshida M, Itoh S, Kawamura Y, Hayashi N, Yamamoto K, Kubota T, Ishii Y. Alterations of lactate (+lipid) concentration in brain tumors with in vivo hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy during radiotherapy. Invest Radiol 1997;32:288-96.

44.-Castillo M, Kwock L, Mukherji S. Clinical applications of proton MR spectroscopy. Am J Neuroradiol 1996; 17: 1-15.

45.-Castillo M, Kwock L. Proton MR spectroscopy of common brain tumors. Neuroimag Clin North Am 1998; 8: 733-752.

46.-Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler O, Cavenee W, Burger P, Jouvet A, Scheithauer B, Kleihues P. The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 114: 97-109.

47.-Di Costanzo A, Scarabino T, Trojsi F, Giannatempo G, Popolizio T, Catapano D, Bonavita S, Maggialetti N, Tosetti M, Salvolini U, d'Angelo V, Tedeschi G. Multiparametric 3T MR approach to the assessment of cerebral gliomas: tumor extent and malignancy. Neuroradiology 2006; 48: 622-631.

48.-Law M, Yang S, Wang H, Babb J, Johnson G, Cha S, Knopp E, Zagzag D. Glioma grading: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of perfusion MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopic imaging compared with conventional MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003; 24:1989-1998.

49.- Law M, Young R, Babb J, Peccerelli N, Chheang S, Gruber M, Miller D, Golfinos J, Zagzag D, Johnson G. Gliomas: predicting time to progression or survival with cerebral blood volume measurements at dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging. Radiology 2008; 247:490-498.

50.-Di Costanzo A, Trojsi F, Tosetti M, Schirmer T, Lechner S, Popolizio T, Scarabino T. Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain at 3T: an update. Eur Radiol 2007;17: 1651-1662.

51.- Smith M, Koutcher J, Zakian K. J-difference lactate editing at 3.0 Tesla in the presence of strong lipids. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;28:1492-1498.

52.- Kuesel A, Sutherland G, Halliday W, Smith I. ¹H MRS of high grade astrocytomas: mobile lipid accumulation in necrotic tissue. NMR Biomed 1994; 7: 149-155.

53.-Gatenby RA and Gillies R. Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis? Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4: 891–899.

54.-Seth P, Grant A, Tang J, Vinogradov E, Wang X, Lenkinski R, Sukhatme V. On-target inhibition of tumor fermentative glycolysis as visualized by hyperpolarized pyruvate. Neoplasia. 2011; 13:60-71.

55.-Park I, Chen A, Zierhut M, Ozturk-Isik E, Vigneron D, Nelson S. Implementation of 3 T lactate-edited 3D 1H MR spectroscopic imaging with flyback echo-planar readout for gliomas patients. Ann Biomed Eng. 2011; 39:193-204.

56.-Sjobakk T, Johansen R, Bathen T, Sonnewald U, Kvistad K, Lundgren S, Gribbestad I. Metabolic profiling of human brain metastases using in vivo proton MR spectroscopy at 3T. BMC Cancer 2007; 7: 141

57.-Chawla S, Zhang Y, Wang S, Chaudhary S, Chou C, O'Rourke D, Vossough A, Melhem E, Poptani H. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in differentiating glioblastomas from primary cerebral lymphomas and brain metastases. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2010;34:836-841

58.-Crawford F, Khayal I, McGue C, Saraswathy S, Pirzkall A, Cha S, Lamborn K, Chang S, Berger M, Nelson S. Relationship of pre-surgery metabolic and physiological MR imaging parameters to survival for patients with untreated GBM. J Neurooncol 2009;91:337-51

59.-Cuellar-Baena S, Morais L, Cendes F, Faria A, Castellano G. Manual and semi-automatic quantification of in vivo ¹H-MRS data for the classification of human primary brain tumors. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011; 44:345-353.